On the soil and transplanting plants
Under natural conditions the root system of plants is a great space. When potted plants are forced to develop its root system in soil of a small volume. Therefore, this soil, as a rule, should be particularly nutritious. One of the conditions of growing houseplants is the ability to make the necessary soil mixture.pbs parents |
Potted plants do not grow on the same soil alkaline or acid reaction. Some plants require a slightly acid soil, others prefer acidic soil; others grow well in slightly alkaline, neutral or slightly acid soils, only the fourth on alkaline soils.healthy mattress |
There are many plants that require lime in the soil in large quantities (heliotrope, calceolaria). On the contrary, azaleas, heather, camellias excess lime works extremely unfavorable. Note also that for young plants, typically, is prepared soil mixture is lighter than the old ones.free online dress up games |
The soil mixture must meet the following conditions: it must contain nutrients in amounts necessary plants, not to hold excess water, allow air to the roots, have the acidity required for the plant, to be decontaminated from pests and pathogens.
For the cultivation of pot plants using turf, leaf, manure, humus and peat land, and must have a clean river sand, may need moss (sphagnum) and bark and other ingredients:
- * Turf land with clay soils refers to the heavy lands; leaf, sod with sandy soil and manure, humus - to the lungs.
- Turf soil is very nourishing. It is obtained from pereprevaniya sliced layers of sod, stacked in a heap, grass to grass, with layers of cow manure. Usually pereprevaniya turf rather than one year. (pH 5-6)
- Grassy land use in a mixture with other lands and sand. Light grassy land can be improved by adding to her clay, and heavy - the addition of sand.
- * Sheet earth in earth mixtures plays the role of baking powder. This land is obtained from pereprevaniya collected in a heap in the autumn and spring of the old leaves (except oak and chestnut), which periodically shovel and watering. For leaf ground enough 1-2 years. This land is not as nutritious as turf, but is looser. (pH 5-6)
- * The humus soil rich in nutrients. It turns out she spent the greenhouse manure as a result of expansion within 2-3 years. (pH about 8)
- * Peat land, which differs looseness and lightness, is used to improve other lands on peat mixes easily to provide a balanced mineral nutrition of plants. It turns out she is from peat, decomposed into a period of not less than one year. Peat take riding or dark transition (pH 3,5-5,5), should not take fine-lowland peat (pH 6 and above). Peat in heaps watering with liquid manure, manure is added to it, and lime. From the quality of the selected peat depends how good is the soil mixture. Sales has a special substrate "Violet", consisting of peat with mineral additives. In its pure form, this substrate is used for the cultivation of violets or Saintpaulia, and as additives to the peat soil for any other plants. The peat soil has an acid reaction, the land is particularly needed for growing hydrangeas, azaleas, camellias and rhododendrons, require acidic soils. Peat soil is good for planting seeds and plant propagation by cuttings. Peat land should not be overdry.
- * Coniferous land - this is the bottom layer of the litter of coniferous forests, better pine. This land is different looseness, poverty, nutrition and acid reaction (pH 4-5).
- * Bark - softwood (pine, larch, spruce) is used as baking powder in the soil mixtures, as a basis for epiphytic plants. The bark is cut and well crushed. (pH 4-4,5)
- * Moss (sphagnum) attached to the land looseness, lightness and absorbability. Moss previously dried and finely rubbed. Moss is also used for covering of trunks of plants, forming aerial roots, and cover the pot and the earth, that they do not dry up. Moss is one of the main components of the soil mixture for epiphytic plants. (pH about 4).
- * River coarse sand makes soil mixes friability and porosity. For use in soil mixes are taking the largest river sand, washed it well and pour over boiling water.
- * Coconut fiber is used in shredded form. At the same time it helps the soil to pass air. These fibers can be added to the substrate for ferns, bromelievyh and terrestrial orchids in an amount up to 20%. The crushed into gravel, dried and briquettes with the need to further dampening, coconut fibers are sold as a substitute for peat, as well as they retain water.
- * The roots of ferns - one of the main components in a substrate for epiphytic orchids. He added in an amount of 30% of the total substrate.
- * Flock - a completely new material supplied by spinning mills. Issued in the form of pellets with a diameter of about 0,5 cm They are added to the substrate in amounts of 10 - 15%, because they retain water and provide access to the air. This pellet slowly decompose, releasing nitrogenous substances and trace elements.
- * Perlite - elastic silica in the form of very light white or gray granules. Because of their small mass perlite is most often used in ready-soil mixtures, instead of sand in an amount of 10-20%.
- * Pozzolana - silica volcanic rock with alveolar structure, which is crushed into particles with uneven edges with a diameter of about 2 - 5 mm. Pozzolana is characterized by high hygroscopic properties, ie well holds water. It is used to make the airiness substrate, it prevents caking and agglomeration of the soil. You can use the pozzolana and as drainage.
- * Vermiculite is made from clay, to ¬ Greta to very high temperatures. Constituent minerals are connected to each other in the form of flakes. By type similar to wood or cork shavings. This lightweight and inert material which does not interact with the plant. Vermiculite is used instead of sand for the distillation of seeds or rooting cuttings, because they are well take root in this light and airy substance. In substrates of vermiculite increases breathability, because he is not holding water.
- * Keramzit get out of clay by firing in the form of pellets with a porous structure ranging in size from 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter. Expanded clay holds the water is very weak, so it is used mainly for drainage or as part of the soil for growing hydroponics.
- * ASBESTOS - compacted fibrous material, similar in its properties to wool and glass, has the form of small cubes that are added to some substrates. Material holds water well, and its density makes it possible to achieve the desired moisture drainage. Interestingly, the plants can be grown only in asbestos fibers, adding fertilizer dropwise.
- * Dolomite - sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate, manganese and lime spar. It is used in powdered form to reduce the acidity of the peat-rich substrates, or to intentionally create an alkaline environment. For example, dolomite is added to the substrate for pafiopedilyuma - the only orchid that prefers non-acidic environment.
- * Charcoal has antiseptic properties. He added to the water, where the cuttings take root. Coal does not allow water to rot, and pounded into powder charcoal can be added to the substrate, designed for plants with thick roots (especially orchids and cacti) to avoid decay in the case of waterlogged soil.
When preparing soil mixtures should bear in mind the reaction of the soil in which a given plant should grow. If the plants need acidic soil mixture, the main part of it should consist of peat. Sod and ground sheet in most cases has a neutral reaction.
The acidity of the soil at home you can easily check with litmus paper.
Acidic soils (pH = 4,5 - 5,5) require, for example, azaleas, hydrangeas, calla, camellia, Monstera, rhododendron, fuchsia, anthurium, paportniki.
In slightly acidic soil (pH = 5,5 - 6,5) need, for example, asparagus, abutilen, amaryllis, Aralia, Begonia, Calceolaria, pelargonium, primula, tradescantia, ficus elastic.
Neutral soils (pH = 6,5 - 7) require, for example, wallflowers, roses, saksifraga, chrysanthemums, cineraria.
Plants with fleshy or thick roots (krinumy, Clive, adult palms) planted in the soil where turf ground up to 1 / 3 the total amount of the mixture.
Plants with well-developed and rapidly growing roots planted in the soil medium density - leaf mixed with turf and manure-humus soil.
Plants with underdeveloped soft and thin roots (ferns) are put in a light soil.
Heavy soil with large quantities of nutrients (1 part leaf, 4 of the turf, 1 part peat and 2 parts humus ground)- Asparagus Spregeri
- Buksus
- Garnet
- Datura
- Dracaena
- Figs
- Klerodendron
- Laurus
- Levkoy
- Oleander
- Palms
- Cycas
- Saksifraga
- Chrysanthemums
- Citrus
- Evonimus
- Yucca
- Amarills
- Aralia
- Asparagus plyumouz
- Buvardiya
- Heliotrope
- Hortense
- Jasmine sambac
- Kalla
- Calceolaria
- Pelargonium
- Pittosporum
- Ivy wax
- Primrose
- Tradescantia
- Ficus elastic
- Fuchsia
- Cineraria
- Azaleas
- Anthurium
- Begonia
- Heather
- Gloxinia
- Ferns
- Gibazis
- Calathea
- Monolith
- Listovik
- Pelleya
- Peperomia
- Pila
- Plektrantus
- Roussel
- Streptocarpus
- Tradescantia
The plant is time to turn over the preparation plants to transplant to first determine its necessity. Apply transplant in the case when:
- * Earthen room completely entwined and penetrated roots;
- * Root rot;
- * Acidified soil in the pot, although not earth-ball and entwined roots;
- * Signs of general feebleness of the plant, indicating the depletion of the earth;
- * The roots of the plants made their way through the drain hole (as shown in photo).
To determine the need for transplantation strongly sprayed plant knocked out of the pot. Plant the right hand knocking on his left hand, letting the stems between your fingers and remove the pot. If the pot is not removed, try to knock on it. If the inspection turns out that the transplant is not needed, then the earth whom tightly put back into the pot.
According to replace a number of land distinguish the following types of transplants:
Full transplant - when removing all the old soil and roots completely exposed, it is done in the utter uselessness of land and the loss of all its nutrients. (transplanting palms, figs, asparagus, etc.)
Incomplete transplant - when the majority or minority of the earth remains in a coma roots.
Upgrading of the upper layer of the earth - when the land is replaced with humus ground, as if watering is leaching nutrients from the upper layer.
Sometimes transplantation Dutch plants can be seen here a basket, Entangling roots near the base (plants grown in greenhouses from seeds). Do not attempt to withdraw it or cut it, otherwise you may damage the roots grow out of it.
Handling of plants - reception close to the transplant, with the difference that the clod of earth should remain whole, and the plant is transplanted into a larger pot. This method is suitable for young herbaceous, fast-growing plants, which rolled over for the spring and summer several times. Handling in contrast to the complete transfer does not cause slow growth of plants. The young plants do not permit the formation layer of thick felt of roots, and carry out trans-shipment, when the roots have not yet filled up the pot. Handling is also applied to plants, poor tolerance for transplantation because of possible damage to the roots.
Transplant, as a rule, hold the spring from March to May. Tender plants are transplanted a little later. Plants blooming in the spring transplanted after flowering. If you repot the plant at the time of flowering or the formation of buds, then it resets and the flowers and buds. In the summer after the spring bloom transplanted conifers. Plants that were in the warm room transplanted later than those that were in the cool. Bulbous transplanted at the end of dormancy.
When transplanting plants after the plant is removed from the pot, gently brushes the hands or stick with the roots of the land and unravel twisted roots, trying not to damage them. Root felt removed with a sharp knife. Also remove all the rotten roots, if any. Cuts thick, succulent roots sprinkled with powdered charcoal to prevent rotting.
At the bottom of the pot satisfied with good drainage: to drain hole putting one or a few shards, hump up, fall asleep on top keramzit or broken red brick, preferably on two fingers in height. Good drainage is not hindered to any plant, even if somewhere says that the plant does not need to drain, do not be lazy and still make a drainage. Above ground drainage is filled in by adding pieces of charcoal, and down the plant, so that the root collar was at the edges of dishes or slightly below, but not covered with earth.
Gaps between the pot and the roots covered with earth by pushing a stick. Light tapping the pot on the table, also helps the earth be packed tightly in a pot. Then, large or index finger presses the ground in a pot, a clod of earth between the old and the walls of the pot, otherwise unconsolidated loose soil will be too quick to pass water under irrigation, without wetting the roots of the earth.
When transplanting plants with thick or malorazvetvlennymi roots of their crop is not recommended, since such roots poorly tolerate pruning and damage. Acacia, some conifers, orchids, bulbs and many other plants with weak root system can not tolerate the crop roots. Such plants as cyclamen, Calathea or spatifillyum, also require careful treatment in transplantation.
What may be needed when peresadkeVsyu transplantation procedures should not stretch for long periods, because dredged out of a pot plant roots quickly dry out and become traumatized. In general, to better prepare pre-transplant - to choose the right tool, pick up and handle the pots, water sprinkler, charcoal, drainage, sticks for tying plants, rooting stimulator, a spoon for podsypaniya land, scissors, etc., ie All that may need to avoid rushing around the apartment or house in the process of transplantation, when all hands in the earth, and you have proved to be a dull knife.
Do not repot the plant in hot weather. When transplanting plants well watered and sprayed. But in the next few days (a week or two) limited irrigation. (Cactus after transplantation did not watered 6-7 days.) In fact after transplantation plant pritenyayut and protect from drafts.
If during the transplantation were found rotten roots, they are removed with a knife, an old earth with the roots thoroughly shakes off, the roots washed with water. Slices sprinkled with charcoal, and the plant is planted in fresh soil. If you remove most of the roots, the plant is transplanted into the pot is less than before. These plants, whose roots were rotten, especially carefully watered after transplantation.