Diseases houseplants

Powdery mildew - a common disease caused by the fungus Sphaerotheca pannosa. At the beginning of the disease on the flowers and leaves appear small mealy spots. They are easy to wash, but then reappear and increase in size, become saturated with gray color. Gradually mycelium compacted and becomes almost brown. Mealy plaque could be from both sides of the sheet. The leaves gradually dry out, pull out and fall, buds and flowers showered, plant growth ceases. The most favorable conditions for disease development - humidity - about 60-80% and the warm air in the range 18-20 ° C.super reciepe apple cake for anybody |

Prevention. To prevent powdery mildew of roses, euonymus well to sulfur fertilization 3-4 times during the summer. Overfeeding plant nitrogen fertilizers, especially during budding raises the risk of powdery mildew. On the contrary, additional phosphate and potash fertilizers improves resistance to powdery mildew pathogen. Most ventilated room, avoiding cold drafts.

Control measures. If you are affected by a few leaves or buds, they must be removed. Spraying every 5-7 days with special biological agents to combat powdery mildew, as well as potassium permanganate (2.5 g per 10 liters of water), 0.5% copper oxychloride, 1% sulfur colloid, a mixture of soda and soap (to 10l water 50g and 40g of sodium soap). You can use these drugs as "Topaz", "Vectra", "fast", etc.

Well helps with mildew sprinkled with a mixture of antibiotics: terramycin 100ed/ml, 100ed/ml penicillin and streptomycin 250ed/ml in the ratio 1:1.

Downy Mildew or peronosporosis - affects many plants. Pathogen - mushroom genus Peronospors sparsa. We develop the disease primarily on the leaves, but passes on the stems and flowers under favorable conditions for its development. Originally on the upper side of leaves appear pale grayish-yellow spots with slightly contoured to the development of the disease increases. On the lower side of leaves on the affected area formed by light gray plaque, consisting of fungal mycelium. It looks as though sprinkled with flour. Damaged leaves become wrinkled or corrugated, fade and wither. By the way, on the grounds of false manifestations of powdery mildew, it can easily be confused with the defeat of spider mites. Therefore, if the upper side of leaves grayish or yellowish stains, and the back of the gray dander, but the insects are not visible even through a magnifying glass, most likely this is Downy mildew.

Prevention. Maintain low humidity, regular airing, thinning and cleaning of bushes. Change of soil and its disinfection. If signs of disease have already been found, avoid spraying and irrigation water splashing on the leaves.

Control measures. Careful removal of sick leaves and heavily infested plants. Spraying plants 1% Bordeaux mixture or a solution of soda ash (0.5%), especially the underside of the leaves thoroughly. Can apply "oksihom", "kuproksat. Processing starts at the first sign of disease and repeat every 7-10 days. Conduct must be at least 5 treatments.

Gray rot - a fungal disease that most often affects the dying parts of plants called fungi of the genus Botrytis. Under favorable conditions of temperature and humidity strikes and plant health. Most susceptible buds and flowers of plants in conditions of high humidity. The characteristic feature of disease is the first appearance of brown spots or brown gnilovatyh covered with white, and then the ash-gray, powdery coating (similar to gray loose wool or mold). Cones turn brown and wither, affected areas are softened. On leaves and stems of the disease manifests as numerous small spots of different shapes, brown or browning the edges of the leaves. The spots are increasing and are covered with fluffy coating.

Prevention. Regular airing of rooms, removal of dead leaves and thinning seedlings, good lighting. Avoid waterlogged soil, especially in cool content. The introduction into the soil before planting drugs "trichodermine", "Barrier" or "Barrier".

Control measures. At the first signs of disease are removed sick leaves, inflorescences and whole plants. Spraying solution topsina-M (0.1%), fundazol (0,2%), copper-soap solution (0,2% copper sulphate and 2% soap) or other systemic fungicide. Repeated treatment carried out in 10-12 days.

Spot - is a group of diseases that have a fungal or bacterial in nature.

Pathogens - fungi of the genera Ascochyta, Colletotrichum, Phyllosticta, Pestalotia, Septoria, Vermicularia, etc. Moreover, the leaves appear the plants are usually brown, oozing or dry spots that the spread of the disease are growing in size, coalesce and affect the entire leaf entirely. By spotting carry diseases such as anthracnose, septariose, fillostiktoz, askohitoz red and burn. All these diseases are not too dangerous at the initial stage, when struck by only a few leaves, but if the disease spread to the stems, the plant may die.

Red burn - a disease that is typical for gippeastrumov. Called fungus genus Staganospora. At the same time on the leaves, onion, peduncles appear narrow red spots, which later formed spore-bearing crust. The patient begins the deformation of the plant leaves and flowers, flowering does not start or stops, the bulb rot.

Anthracnose - a disease which often exposed palms and rubber plants. Pathogen fungi of the genera Colletotrichum, Cloeosporum and others on leaves of affected plants appear dark brown spots, and at the ends of the leaves may appear dark brown streaks. May appear small red spots, gradually increasing in size or brown with gray or yellow border. The spots usually do not appear on the edge of the sheet, as in peresushke soil, and in the middle. Only then, because of an eating disorder leaves begin to dry the edges.

Fillostiktoz - a disease caused by fungi Phyllosticta. Appear on leaves are round or oval shaped dark spot with a dark border along the border with healthy tissue. Often the affected tissue falls out, and the leaf is perforated.

Septariose - a disease caused by the defeat of the fungi of the genus Septoria. Appear on leaves are dark-brown or dark gray spots with yellow border (on anthurium), or, as in azalea small reddish or reddish-yellow spots, which gradually increased. Then there are patches of blackening in the center - the fruiting bodies of the fungus, which may even overwinter on leaves in sub-zero temperatures and the disease begins to spread in the spring.

Askohitoz - a disease caused by fungi Ascochyta. Like septariose and anthracnose appear first small spots of different forms of brown, with yellowish or reddish brown rim. The most serious damage is askohitoz chrysanthemums, which exposed more often than plants from the family Compositae.

Prevention spotting. Contribute to the development of disease conditions in violation of generally warm and humid conditions, so most often affects the plants in greenhouses, but not in the rooms. Avoid crowded plants and over-watering. Regularly ventilate the area and provide good illumination. Watering with the use of the drug fitosporin-M. Remove all the leaves are beginning to dry up. If you cut off part of the leaf, you will certainly want to capture part of the healthy tissue.

Control measures. Removal and burning of sick leaves. Handling systemic fungicide. Reduce watering, ventilation, removal spray for several weeks. If the leaves have already appeared suspicious spots, cancel spraying with plain water. You can use drugs: Vectra (2-3ml of 10 liters of water), colloidal sulfur (50-100g to 10 liters of water), Strobe (in the system with other fungicides, 4g to 10l of water), ABiH Peak (40-50g to 10 liters of water) , Bordeaux mixture (copper sulfate 100g + 100g lime per 10 liters of water), copper sulfate (500g for 10 liters of water). Repeat treatment in 7-10 days.

Rust - a disease caused by rust fungi, for example, type Phragmidium or Puccinia. Expressed in the appearance on the upper leaf surface is orange-brown tubercles, and on the back of the sheet are visible pustules, oval or round shape. Gradually the spots grow into stripes, the leaves turn yellow and fall off.

Prevention is the uniform irrigation, reducing humidity.

Control measures. Remove affected leaves and branches. Apply spray preparations: "Topaz", "Vectra", "Strobi, Bordeaux mixture, kuproksat. The treatment is repeated 2-3 times in 10 days.

Black or sooty mold - appears in the form of dry sooty film on Aucuba, buksusah, laurels. Called fungus Capnopodium, lodged on secretions of aphids, whitefly, mealybug. By itself, the plaque is not harmful to plants, but it clogs the stomata on the leaves, thereby disrupting breathing. Stunted growth and weakened.

Control measures. Timely spraying against pests, forming a sweet selection. Affected plants wipe with a sponge dipped in soapy water and treat systemic fungicides against pests. It is possible to conduct processing of copper-soap solution (0.2% copper sulphate and 2% soap).

Fusarium or traheomikoz - a common and dangerous disease caused by fungi genus Fusarium. Plants are affected at any age. The fungus is in the soil and enters the plant through the soil and lesions. In young plants the disease is manifested in the form of the decay of roots and root collar. In these areas turn brown tissue, the stem becomes thinner, the leaves turn yellow. The tops of the plants wither, soon shifts to the whole plant. The disease is mainly spread foci. Spread the infection through the soil. Most of all susceptible to the disease weakened plants. Moreover, the disease can occur as an acute form (plant dies after 5-7 days), and in chronic (lasts for weeks). Toxins in mushrooms, are transferred to the conducting vessels and therefore if the cut stalk from infected plants, then on the cut stem can see the dark gray or brown ring of the vascular system.

Prevention. Development of the disease contributes to high soil moisture and air, so more airy rooms, loosen the upper layer of soil and disinfect the soil before application. When working sterilize instruments - knives, scissors and even podvyazochny material (wire, thread) alcohol. When using water from natural bodies of water or rain water, it can withstand prior to drug Fitosporin-M.

Control measures. Removal and destruction of plants, together with a lump of land. Disinfection of pots 5% solution of copper sulfate, chlorine bleach. If wilting just begun, you can try to process plant drugs Vectra or benomyl. You can save the plant, and cut off apical shaft and its re-rooted.

Verticillium wilt or - is caused by fungi of the genus Verticillium. Infects plants through wounds on roots and stems - the fungus remains in the soil. As with the Fusarium disease manifested loss of turgor and wilting of shoots. On cross sections of stems of plants as noticeable brown color of the conducting vessels. But first, as a rule, yellow and droop lower leaves, as if the plant is flooded. Then begin to fade, the upper leaves and whole plant. In acute illness during the plant suddenly wither and die within a few days. At the same time obvious signs of illness are not visible, and evidence of the disease can only be a brown ring of nutrient vessels on the cut stems.

Prevention - the same as that of Fusarium.

Control measures. Treatment is only possible in the initial stages, by spraying fundazol, Vectra or topsinom-M in a concentration of 0.2%.

Root Rot and Blackleg - a disease caused by a number of pathogenic fungi genera Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora, and others particularly vulnerable pelargonium. Base of the cuttings or roots due to fungal blacken and rot. Contribute to this wetland soils with poor aeration of the earth. Source of infection - not sterilized mixture of earth, implements and pots after the diseased plants.

Late Blight - a type of root rot, a disease common in Saintpaulia. This plant initially slow growth, some fade, the leaves lose their color, only then the roots rot and the plant dies. The first impression in this disease, that the plant lacks water, but after watering turgor is not restored, and the leaves fade even more.

Prevention - Make sure that the soil was moistened. For reproduction Trim only healthy leaves. Be sure to sterilize the ground for planting, especially if you are breeding plants are very susceptible to late blight (eg, violet). Pots before planting and equipment must be parboiled.

Control measures. With a large doty cutting it destroyed. If struck by a small part, then it is removed, slice sprinkled with powdered charcoal or gray and put in fresh looser soil. At the plants are usually late blight is found and determined at the stage where it is impossible to save him. But you can try to apply the processing Bordeaux mixture, colloidal sulfur, kuproksatom.

Bacterial diseases of plants

Diseases caused by bacteria, do not always have a clear picture, possibly mixing signs of disease, such as root rot on leaves may appear greasy or glassy spots as the bacterial spot, which then turn brown.

Rotten - manifested in the softening and necrosis plant tissues, then on the spot lesions formed semi putrefactive mass, often with an unpleasant odor. The most susceptible plants with fleshy succulent leaves and stems, as well as tuberous and bulb. Bacterial rot may begin with the roots and the leaves and stems. The reason is usually for gross violations of conditions - over-watering, especially in cool content, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers.

Bacterial wilt - manifested in the loss of turgor, wilt, first shoot tips, then the whole plant. In contrast to the decay caused by fungi, bacteria enter the vascular system of plants and cause delay of current water. They also emit toxic substances, but on the edge or the cut of the escape are not visible characteristic of the late blight of brown ring. Bacterial spot Bacterial spot

Bacterial spot - spots appear as a result of necrosis sections of leaves, but in contrast to the spots caused by fungi in these spots do not have such pronounced boundaries - they have blurred edges. Spots may be glassy or greasy. Spots are usually rapidly increase in size, the leaf may wither, turn yellow and then dies. More rapid spread of the disease contribute to the warm and humid conditions.

Bacterial cancer - the abnormal proliferation of perfectly healthy-looking plant tissues. At the roots and sometimes stems formed tumor growths. A strong development of these growths plants do not grow and, eventually, die.

Prevention of bacterial diseases is to disinfect the soil, equipment and tools. When working with a sick or suspicious plants should be processed with alcohol and hands to, in contact with healthy plants will not infect it. Although carriers can also be pests. When transplanting plants old pots must not only wash, but thoroughly rinsed with boiling water inside and outside. Transplantation try not to damage the roots, and if this happened, then sprinkle with powdered damaged area with charcoal.

Control measures. Effective only if the local lesion and bacteria were not included in the vascular system of plants. Contain diseased plants in a dry place, do not conduct spraying with plain water and do not wash in the shower. In the initial stages of the disease can remove all the affected parts of the plant, and taking part of healthy tissue. After the cut each time and manipulate the blade of a knife or scissors with alcohol. Then you need to water the plants and spray with Bordeaux mixture or copper-containing drugs. If this treatment fails, then the plant must be destroyed, with the best will not throw it in a flower bed under the windows, and burned. A pot can be left, especially if it is an expensive plant pots, but thoroughly scalded with boiling water.

Dropsy - the disease is not caused by a fungus or bacteria, and resulting from waterlogged soil with poor lighting. In the diseased plants on the lower side of the sheet formed cork outgrowths. Affected leaves will not get well, but if the plant to create good conditions, then after some time there will be new leaves.

Any damage to plant viral diseases, their growth is markedly worse, so the diagnosis is usually limited to the assertion of lack of food and poor conditions. In the first viral disease easily confused with chlorosis. In addition, the virus is difficult to determine immediately because the plant rarely dies. But sometimes the viral infection and may be accompanied by signs, trying to put a florist to a standstill, for example, first begin leaf chlorosis, and then they crumble, and there is decay of the trunk. This pattern is typical for the disease ksiloporozise citrus.

ListevMozaichnaya mosaic disease is characterized by a variety of form of spots and stripes, white or yellowish leaves, light or dark on the flowers, which caused the disintegration of chloroplasts. Mosaic usually has a certain pattern - concentric circles, rings or strips arranged in a certain order or pattern. In addition, mosaicism is often accompanied by deformation of the sheet - wrinkled and curled. Most often affects the begonias, calla lilies, Hydrangea, pelargonium, primula.

Crinkle leaf - a viral disease in which leaves appear numerous small spots of 1-2 mm, which then dry up. The leaves are wrinkled, curly, flowers are deformed. The disease may be accompanied by the appearance of gray-white or pale yellow spots and lines. Most affected Hydrangea, Evening Primrose, pelargonium, puansettii.

Yellowing leaves or jaundice - a viral disease in which leaves turn yellow or yellow-green. Private shoots or the entire plant stunted, the stems become brittle due to the fact that they accumulate a lot of starch, the cells literally clogging them. This leaves may also retain a mosaic pattern of concentric circles and spots. Sometimes jaundice is manifested not in the whole plant, but on a separate branch - begins leaf chlorosis, and the new leaves may appear, but the small and already hloroznye.

Control measures. The exact definition of a specific viral disease presents great difficulties. Direct combat viruses chemicals is possible. It is much easier and safer to prevent the disease, conducting the fight against sucking insects, which typically are carriers of pathogens. Carriers for the virus indoor plants are aphids and thrips. But very often the infection has entered in a greenhouse, before the plant goes on sale through the fate of damaged roots or lesions on stems and leaves.

All the affected parts of the plant must be removed and destroyed. After working hands immediately wash thoroughly with soap and water, and used equipment and even wipe with alcohol. Cuttings taken only from healthy plants. In hot and dry while the plant pritenyat and more spray.