Bonsai - the soil, watering, fertilizers

Choosing containers

The shape of the container for bonsai can be rectangular, oval, round or multifaceted. Late or nearly flat - oriented style, which will be formed. All styles that have a slope of demand for more sustainable capacity for landing, which means that the container must be made of heavy material (clay bowls) or be deep enough. The container should not be too bright or colorful, contrast the simplicity of color and form only emphasizes style.Rьrup Rechner Tarife vergleichen. |

In addition, the capacity of a bonsai should not violate its form proportions grown songs. For example, too flat and wide bowl used for bonsai with a broad, dense crown, or multiple-forms and styles for a single tree, which has stripped the lower part of the trunk will look good, unless it imitated a piece of landscape or terrain (moss, stones, figurines or miniature houses, etc.). A large square bowls creates a sense of space.Erstelle kostenlos deinen Strompreisvergleich und spare jeden Monat. |

Narrow, but deep enough bowls suitable for styles, where the plants are tall and open roots. Quite narrow and deep tanks, resembling in shape vases for flowers are used for cascading style sheets, with the hanging tree crowns.

In any case, try to observe the following proportions - the height of the walls of the bowls should be no less than the thickness of the barrel. A length of saucers should correspond to about 2 / 3 the height of the plant.

Before planting containers require additional training. First, some of them do not have drainage holes. They have to do themselves, because often a bonsai bowls made of clay or ceramics, then the holes need to use a regular drill with a drill for tile and glass (through which the drilled holes in the bathrooms).

Do not forget as well that before transplanting in any container, it is not enough to just wash, reliable add scalded him with boiling water.

Ground

As a rule, for the cultivation of bonsai use a special substrate. Required components - sand, clay and humus. For deciduous tree to better prepare the substrate of 7 parts of clay and 3 parts of sand. For the flowering and fruiting bonsai - 6 parts clay, 3 parts sand and 1 part leaf mold. For conifers need to prepare a mixture of 6 parts of clay and 4 parts sand.

Sand usually use small - about 1-2 mm, its main task to provide sufficient soil friability. River sand before use as it should, washed and thoroughly heated in the oven. Part of the sand can be replaced by vermiculite.

Clay has the nutritional value, but also be good to absorb moisture and air flow.

Use soil mixes can be purchased, but the choice to be chosen very carefully. The fact is that most of the earth consists of mixtures of peat with the addition of garden fertilizers. The most suitable mixture of the substrate processed Californian worms (if the producers do not lie and do not gain it in the next peatlands). If you want to prepare the ground yourself, then collect it in April, when all the snow come down and land almost thawed. Gather soil in plantations and groves of deciduous trees, removing the top layer of last year neperegnivshih leaves.

The soil also requires prior decontamination. To do this you need a metal bucket and a sieve, a width to put in a bucket, it was to tight around the middle of its height. In a bucket of water is poured, dipped and covered sieve layer of earth, no more than the height sieves. They put the design on the fire, which diminishes after boiling. Length of procedure about 30 minutes.

Bonsai Transplanting

To support the miniature size of its plants to be cut off. But to keep the balance of proportions, must be cut and the roots. This is done at the time of transplantation. Time of transplantation depends on the type of plant. As a rule, a sign of the need to transplant is the appearance of new buds. For decorative-deciduous plants it occurs in the spring, in late winter. For flowering bonsai transplanting, pruning and crown roots hold the end of flowering, usually in autumn. Transplant and the need to cut only appears when the roots have filled the entire container. If this did not happen, and the plant has already got from the container, the roots are not cut, but simply change the old soil to fresh. The main indicator of the need to transplant bonsai, as well as for all indoor plants is the germination of roots in the drain container. Get a plant from the container should be carefully pre-moistened soil. The roots need to inspect, shears to remove those that are too thick. The main force - is a broad fibrous root system. Therefore, the main beam of fibrous roots are not affected, ie not need to DIG and try to remove it from the remnants of the earth. But the existing taproot is removed entirely. If the transplant is not ready to purchase bonsai, and grown in the usual pre-pot, and on examination found that well-developed taproot and poorly developed fibrous system, the shape of bonsai it is too early. You can cut a 1 / 3 or 1 / 2 taproot and leave in the old pot to the development of fibrous roots. It is believed that the thickened roots protruding above the ground in a container is one of the main features of this bonsai. Therefore, transplant thickened roots bring to the surface - this gives the song a more natural look. The soil in the container you can cover with a layer of green moss. It also supports the natural look and does not allow water to evaporate too quickly. After transplanting bonsai moderate watering to avoid rotting of the roots cut, pritenyayut from direct sunlight and protected from the wind. On the adaptation takes about 3-4 weeks.

Watering

In view of the features of bonsai planting, the soil in the container dries much faster than traditional pots with plants. Therefore watering bonsai much more. When planting, bonsai soil is compacted, and water irrigation can be poorly absorbed, so often watered bonsai by immersion in a basin filled with water.

The frequency of watering depends on the season and, accordingly, the temperature in the summer it is usually on a daily basis, and on hot days, morning and evening. In winter, watering less often - about once a week, and more frugal. It is impossible to damp the soil is cooled.

The frequency of watering a very contentious issue and make recommendations as during the growth of other plants - to touch the soil to a depth of a finger - is meaningless. Yes, she should have time to dry on top, but check it at a depth not possible, so it is rather matter of experience. There are plants that tolerate peresushku fairly easily, and is watered podvyavshie leaves and twigs again become elastic. Some peresushka too long may prove fatal. The less land in the container and the more roots, the more rapidly absorbed and dries up the water in the soil. Therefore, an important point - the water at watering should moisten the whole earth anyone, not just the top layer of soil. Ie be watered so that water appeared from the drainage holes. Staying in the water should not stand! Safety net are the containers for bonsai on legs.

In addition, the mode of irrigation and water consumption depends on the type of plants, keep in mind that plants with fleshy parts (stems or leaves - succulents), as well as conifers need less water for irrigation. First because it can store it in the tissues, the latter due to less surface evaporation of water. Accordingly deciduous bonsai with a lush crown more evaporated moisture, and more demanding and watering and humidity.

Watering best in the morning and / or evening, ie When the day's heat has not yet begun or already asleep. None of the plant does not tolerate water splashing on the leaves sunny day. All conditions should resemble the natural, but in nature, as is known in the morning and evening falls the dew. If suddenly a hot day, the plant is dry and the leaves drooped, it should be moved to the shadow (in a cool place), then give a little cool, and only then put the container in a container of warm water so that it completely covered the ground. When bonsai "drink", it can spray.

What should be the water? It is best to use a soft tap water, filtered domestic filter. If you are unable or unwilling to use filtered or rain (it is most preferable) water, you can use tap water, a distance not less than 3 days. During this time, the precipitate fall of the impurities, so you need to carefully merge only the upper layer of water.

If the water in your area is very rigid, conventional filters can not do, will only filters with ion exchange resins (they remove impurities from the water of calcium and magnesium), for example, firms Geyser Series WS.

If not, then not only on the surface of the earth, but over time, and on the bark of trees formed a white chalky residue, which is impossible to clean off.

The same goes for spraying. Bonsai requires and responds well to regular spraying, but hard water leaves leaves indelible white salt deposits.

Temperature of water for irrigation and spraying should be a few degrees above ambient temperature.

Dressing fertilizer

Fertilizing bonsai conducted throughout the year, with the only difference being that in the spring and summer of fertilizers are applied with watering once a week, and in the fall and winter - once a month. Conditioned by the fact that the land in a little container, and water, nutrients, as a rule, does not.

As fertilizer is used as a special fertilizer for bonsai, as well as conventional drugs for houseplants. You can not mix organic and mineral fertilizers in one step. All fertilizers bred in the concentration of two or even three times less than the recommended. Overdose death.

There are special design known authors engaged in cultivation of bonsai, which give the recipes of special fertilizer for bonsai. For example, fertilizer on cotton cake contains: cotton seed cake - 300 g, sesame seed cake - 300 g, superphosphate - 100 g, fish meal - 200 g; wood ash - 100 g, water - 10 liters.

But I personally never use this recipe, because of the fact that not imagine where in the urban environment to look cake or fish meal. In addition, the liquid will have a very unpleasant smell.

It is much easier, more convenient and safer to use a special fertilizer for bonsai, for example, Pokon for bonsai. It is also recommended fertilizer Planet colors for bonsai. If you can not find specialized fertilizers, you can use fertilizer for indoor plants "Ideal".

It is impossible to apply fertilizer after transplanting and trimming plants, as well as if the plant is sick and weakened. Do not fed the plants before flowering and during flowering. Moreover, some types of bonsai (for example, myrtle) did not bloom if they are fed slushkom often.

It should also be borne in mind that coniferous bonsai plants require less fertilizer than deciduous. Therefore, they are fed about twice as often.

All fertilizers are made in moist soil or bred in sufficient quantity of water.

In order not to err, it is better to start fertilizing the calendar or divert one day a week under this procedure. For example, Monday - the day of application.